Gamma-ray burst taxonomy: looking for the third class on the spectral peak energy-duration plane in the rest frame

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Gamma-ray burst taxonomy: looking for the third class on the spectral peak energy-duration plane in the rest frame

Authors

Anastasia Tsvetkova, Lorenzo Amati, Mattia Bulla, Luciano Burderi, Dmitry Frederiks, Filippo Frontera, Cristiano Guidorzi, Alessandro Riggio, Tiziana di Salvo, Andrea Sanna, Fyodor Sviridov

Abstract

Two classes of Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), corresponding to the short/hard and the long/soft events, with a putative intermediate class, are typically considered in the observer frame. However, when considering GRB characteristics in the cosmological rest frame, the boundary between the classes becomes blurred. The goal of this research is to check for the evidences of a third "intermediate" class of GRBs and investigate how the transformation from the observer to the rest frame affects the hardness-duration-based classification. We applied fits with skewed and non-skewed (symmetric) Gaussian and Student distributions to the sample of 409 GRBs with reliably measured redshifts to cluster the bursts on the hardness (Ep) - duration (T90) plane. We found that, based on AIC/BIC criteria, the statistically preferred number of clusters on the GRB rest-frame hardnesses-duration plane does not exceed two. We also assess the robustness of the clustering technique. We did not find any solid evidence of an intermediate GRB class on the rest-frame hardness-duration plane.

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